Journal: Acta biomaterialia

Article Title: BIOPRINTING FUNCTIONAL TISSUES ★

doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.01.009

Figure Lengend Snippet: Differences between several parameters based on the printing methods: extrusion-, droplet- and laser-based bioprinting.

Article Snippet: In this perspective, the functionality of the bioprinted tissue is categorized into seven dimensions including cell density, vascularization, innervation, heterogeneity, engraftment, mechanics, and tissue-specific function. table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 Table 1: caption a7 Property ╲ Printer Extrusion-based Droplet-based Laser-based References Material Large variety of biocompatible materials Multicell printing is possible, critical for complex organs High gelation speed [ 162 ] Viscosity 30 mPa·s to >6 × 10 7 mPa·s 3.5–12 mPa·s 1–300 mPa·s [ 17 ][ 72 ][ 62 ] Gelation Methods Chemical, photocrosslinking, shear thinning, temperature Chemical, photocrosslinking Chemical, photo crosslinking [ 17 ][ 72 ] Mechanical Properties High with good structure integrity Low with poor structure integrity Low [ 202 ][ 70 ][ 73 ] Preparation Time Medium Low High [ 17 ] Resolution 5 μm to a few millimeters <1 pl to >300 pl droplets, 50 μm wide Cell Single cell manipulation possible [ 21 ][ 17 ][ 32 ][ 62 ] Accuracy Low High, with high throughput High [ 21 ][ 26 ] Print Speed Slow (10–50 μm/s) Fast (1–10,000 droplets per second) Medium-fast (200–1,600 mm/s) [ 26 ][ 17 ][ 46 ][ 62 ] Nozzle Dynamics Shear stress induced by nozzle wall and extrusion pressure Non-contact Nozzle, but nozzle can clog Nozzle Free [ 21 ][ 26 ] Cell Damage Source Damage due to shearing in the nozzle Cell aggregation may occur Damage due to generation of heat [ 21 ] Cell Viability 40% – 80% >85% >95% [ 21 ][ 17 ][ 73 ][ 115 ][ 46 ] Cell Density High, cell spheroids Low, <106 cells/ml Medium, 10 8 cells/ml [ 17 ][ 62 ] Printer Cost Low Medium High [ 17 ][ 63 ] Open in a separate window Differences between several parameters based on the printing methods: extrusion-, droplet- and laser-based bioprinting.

Techniques: Viscosity, Shear, High Throughput Screening Assay